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QuoteMetals AI Advisor — metals, coins, jewelry, watches.

📎 Drop a photo → I identify the item, run melt value at live spot, give you a fair buy offer and margin. If I need a better picture I will ask.

I know watches too — Rolex, Omega, Patek, AP, Tudor, Cartier and more.

Try these:
Quick Offer Calculator
Counter Offer ToolLive Spot
80%
0%50% pawn70% dealer85% good95% refinery100% spot
Melt Value Calculator
Melt Value CalculatorLive Spot
Premium & P&L Calculator
Melt + Premium Offer CalculatorDealer Tool
Pricing Parameters
Specific Gravity — Guided Step-by-Step Calculator
Water Displacement Density TestMost Reliable Field Test
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
Digital scale — 0.01g precision minimum (0.001g better for small items)
Container of water — glass or plastic, large enough to fully submerge item
Thin wire or thread — to suspend item in water without touching sides/bottom
Bridge setup — wire rests across container edge, item hangs in water, scale reads apparent weight
PROCEDURE
1
Weigh dry — tare scale, place item, record weight. This is W_air.
2
Setup water suspension — tie wire to item. Put water container on scale, tare to zero. Suspend item fully submerged, NOT touching walls or bottom.
3
Read scale — this is the displaced water weight = volume of item (since water = 1g/cc). Record as W_water.
4
Enter values below — calculator shows density, compares to known metal, gives verdict.
Formula: Density = W_air ÷ (W_air − W_water)  |  0.01g scale: ±0.1 g/cc error  |  0.001g scale: ±0.01 g/cc error  |  Tolerance: ±2% of expected = pass
Density Reference — All Metals & Alloys (Verified)
Metal / AlloyDensity g/ccField ToleranceNotes
GOLD (Yellow — Au+Cu+Ag remainder, inverse rule of mixtures)
24k / .999919.32±0.30Pure gold benchmark
22k / .9167 (Krugerrand, AGE)17.84±0.4022k bullion coins
18k / .750 Yellow15.46±0.50Common jewelry
14k / .5833 Yellow13.64±0.50Most US jewelry
10k / .4167 Yellow12.21±0.50US legal minimum gold
9k / .37511.89±0.50UK/European minimum
GOLD (White — Au+Pd or Au+Ni)
18k White (Pd alloy)16.77±0.60Modern white gold
18k White (Ni alloy)14.95±0.60Older white gold
14k White (Pd alloy)15.42±0.60
14k White (Ni alloy)12.99±0.60⚠ Overlaps nickel silver — acid test too
SILVER ALLOYS (Ag+Cu remainder)
.999 Fine Silver10.49±0.15Eagles, Maples, bars
.925 Sterling10.36±0.20Jewelry, flatware
.900 Coin Silver10.31±0.20All US 90% coins
.800 Silver10.14±0.20European, pre-67 Canadian
.720 Silver (Peso)10.01±0.20Mexican silver Pesos
PLATINUM GROUP
Platinum21.45±0.30Heaviest common PM — unmistakable by weight
Palladium12.02±0.30
BASE METALS & FAKES
Tungsten ⚠19.30±0.100.02 g/cc from gold — ONLY ultrasonic reliably distinguishes
Lead11.34±0.20Too dense for silver — obvious by SG
Copper8.96±0.10Base of most plated fakes
Brass (70Cu/30Zn)8.53±0.20Common fake coin metal
Bronze (90Cu/10Sn)8.78±0.20
Nickel8.91±0.10Non-magnetic — passes magnet test
Zinc7.13±0.10Chinese fake Morgan cores — very light
Steel / Iron7.87±0.20Magnetic — fails magnet test immediately
Aluminum2.70±0.10Obvious by feel — extremely light
Authentication Protocol — Run In This Order
5-Step Field AuthenticationDo This First
#TestWhat You NeedPassFail = Red FlagCatches
1Magnet TestNeodymium magnet (strong)No attractionSticks = steel coreSteel/iron fakes, plated steel
2Weight TestDigital scale ±0.01gWithin ±0.1g of specLight = base metal fillBase metal fakes (Chinese Morgans: 18–22g vs 26.73g spec)
3Dimension CheckDigital calipersExact diameter + thicknessWrong size = altered or cast fakeCast fakes, wrong planchet
4Ping / Ring TestYour finger + another coinClear high ring, 1–2 secDull thud = base metalMost base metal fakes
5Visual InspectionLoupe 10x minimumSharp relief, correct detailsBlurry text, seam lines, wrong fontCast fakes, die-struck counterfeits
Testing Tools — What to Buy & When to Use It
ToolCostWhat It CatchesMissesVerdict
Neodymium Magnet$5–15Steel/iron core fakesCopper/brass/tungsten fakesBuy immediately — free test
Digital Scale (0.01g)$15–40Base metal fakes (wrong density)Tungsten (same density as gold)Essential — first real test
Digital Calipers$15–30Wrong dimensions, cast fakesGood die-struck fakesEssential alongside scale
10x–20x Loupe$10–50Design errors, seam lines, wrong detailsGood quality fakesEvery dealer needs this
Acid Test Kit$20–60Gold-plated base metal, karat verificationGold-plated gold alloy, tungstenGood for jewelry, careful with coins
Sigma Metalytics PMV$300–500Tests through assay cards, bulk test, electromagnetic resistivitySophisticated compositesBest non-destructive dealer tool
Fisch Coin Tester$20–60Wrong dimensions for specific coins (Eagle, Maple, Krugerrand)Other coins, barsUseful for high-volume single product
XRF Analyzer (portable)$10,000+Surface composition to 4 decimal placesTungsten fill, plated fakesPro tool — surface only, not definitive
Ultrasonic Tester$200–500Tungsten core, hollow fill in barsNothing at bar levelRequired for any large gold bar
Precious Metals Verifier AppFreePing test verification, weight lookupEverything elseGood starting point on phone
PCGS / NGC Grading$30–150/coinEverything — professional authenticationNothingDefinitive — use for $500+ coins
Testing Methods — Complete Technical Guide
🧲 Magnet TestFree · Do First Always
Use N52 neodymium magnet only — fridge magnets too weak, give false passes. ~$5–10 on Amazon.

Gold, silver, platinum, palladium are diamagnetic — weakly repel magnetic fields. Will NOT stick.

⚠ Slight drag on silver = eddy current braking = positive sign for silver purity. Not a fail.

Sticks firmly = steel/iron core. Hard stop — FAIL.

Misses: Copper, brass, zinc, tungsten — all non-magnetic. Always follow with weight test.
PASS:
No attraction · Slight slow-down (Ag eddy current) · Coin slides off
FAIL:
Sticks firmly · Pulls toward magnet
Does NOT catch:
Copper · Brass · Zinc · Tungsten · Nickel alloys
🔔 Ping / Ring TestFree · 2 Seconds
How: Balance on fingertip. Tap edge lightly with another coin or key. Listen.

Genuine silver: Clear high-pitched bell ring, 1–2 seconds sustain.
Genuine gold: Shorter, slightly lower pitch — still a clear ring.
Fake/base metal: Dull thud or low clunk. Dies immediately.

Use CoinWeigher or PCGS app to compare recorded frequency vs known-good reference.
Approx Frequencies:
Silver Eagle: ~6,100 Hz
Morgan Dollar: ~5,900 Hz
Gold Eagle 1oz: ~3,900 Hz
Copper coin: ~1,200 Hz
Zinc coin: ~800 Hz
Limitations:
Doesn't work on bars · Bent/damaged coins fail · Gold rings lower than silver (normal)
🧊 Ice TestSilver Only
Silver has the highest thermal conductivity of any metal — 429 W/(m·K).

Place ice cube on coin/bar at room temp. Genuine silver: ice begins melting within 1–2 seconds visibly.

Fake/base metal: ice sits several seconds before showing melt.

⚠ Copper (385 W/m·K) also melts ice fast — doesn't prove silver. Always combine with other tests.
Thermal Conductivity:
Silver: 429 W/(m·K) ← highest
Copper: 385 W/(m·K)
Gold: 318 W/(m·K)
Aluminum: 237 W/(m·K)
Zinc: 116 W/(m·K)
Steel: 50 W/(m·K)
Lead: 35 W/(m·K) ← slowest
🧪 Acid Test — Full Color Guide⚠ Destructive — Edge/Hidden Area Only

Safety: Nitrile gloves. Ventilated area. Nitric acid fumes toxic. Baking soda nearby to neutralize. Never aqua regia without professional setup.

Procedure: Scratch edge or hidden area. Apply ONE drop of correct acid. Observe immediately and at 30 seconds.

Item TestedAcidReaction (0–5 sec)At 30 secVerdict
24k goldAqua regia onlySlight golden tingeSlow dissolution✓ GOLD
18k gold18k acidNo reactionNo change✓ PASS
14k gold14k acidNo reactionNo change✓ PASS
10k gold10k acidNo reaction / faint creamNo change✓ PASS
Gold plated base metalAny gold acidBubbles + green/brownStrong discoloration✗ FAKE
.999/.925 SilverSilver acid (dilute HNO₃)White/cream streakLight gray✓ SILVER
CopperNitric acidTurquoise/greenStrong green✗ COPPER
Brass / zincNitric acidYellow-green + bubblesDark discoloration✗ BASE METAL
Nickel / nickel silverNitric acidBlue-greenBlue tinge✗ NICKEL
LeadNitric acidWhite precipitate formsWhite crystals✗ LEAD
📡 XRF vs Ultrasonic vs Sigma MetalyticsPro Tools Compared
ToolCostWhat It ReadsWhat It MissesBest UseVerdict
XRF Analyzer$10k–$40kSurface composition to 4 decimal places (~0.1mm deep)Tungsten core bars. Any plating >0.1mm thick.Jewelry karat verify. Unknown alloy ID.Great for jewelry. NOT sufficient alone for bars.
Sigma Metalytics PMV$300–$500EM resistivity through entire item. Works through assay cards.Very complex composites.Coins in capsules. Quick dealer auth. Bar verification.Best tool under $1k. Every dealer needs one.
Ultrasonic Tester$200–$500Sound wave reflection — detects voids, wrong core material, tungsten fill.Small items. Irregular shapes.ANY gold bar 1oz+. Only reliable tungsten detector.REQUIRED for large bars. Non-negotiable.
Fire Assay$30–$100Exact PM content by cupellation. 4 decimal accuracy.Nothing — destroys small sample.Disputed items. Large transactions. Legal disputes.Gold standard. Use when all else inconclusive.
Exact Specifications — Every Common Coin & Bar
Weight · Diameter · Thickness · FinenessDeviation >0.1g = investigate
Coin / BarWeight (g)Diam (mm)Thick (mm)FinenessFine ozTolerance
US SILVER
American Silver Eagle31.10340.62.98.9991.0000±0.15g
Morgan Dollar (1878–1921)26.7338.12.4.9000.77344±0.097g
Peace Dollar (1921–1935)26.7338.12.4.9000.77344±0.097g
Walking Liberty Half12.5030.62.15.9000.36169±0.05g
Franklin Half Dollar12.5030.62.15.9000.36169±0.05g
Kennedy Half 196412.5030.62.15.9000.36169±0.05g
Kennedy Half 1965–70 (40%)11.5030.62.15.4000.1479±0.05g
Washington Quarter pre-19656.2524.31.75.9000.18084±0.03g
Roosevelt / Mercury Dime2.5017.91.35.9000.07234±0.02g
War Nickel 1942–45 (35%)5.0021.21.95.3500.05626±0.02g
US GOLD
Gold Eagle 1oz (AGE)33.93132.72.87.91671.0000±0.15g
Gold Eagle 1/2oz16.96627.02.24.91670.5000±0.08g
Gold Eagle 1/4oz8.48322.01.83.91670.2500±0.05g
Gold Eagle 1/10oz3.39316.51.48.91670.1000±0.02g
Gold Buffalo 1oz31.10832.72.95.99991.0000±0.15g
$20 St. Gaudens / Liberty33.43634.02.0.9000.96750±0.10g
$10 Liberty / Indian16.71827.01.8.9000.48375±0.06g
$5 Half Eagle8.35921.61.5.9000.24187±0.04g
$2.50 Quarter Eagle4.18018.01.2.9000.12094±0.02g
WORLD & BULLION
Canadian Maple Leaf 1oz Gold31.10330.02.87.99991.0000±0.10g
Krugerrand 1oz33.93032.62.84.91671.0000±0.15g
British Sovereign (full)7.98822.051.52.91670.23542±0.05g
Mexican Centenario 50 Peso41.66737.02.69.9001.20565±0.15g
Austrian Philharmonic 1oz31.10337.02.0.99991.0000±0.10g
French 20 Franc (Napoleon)6.45221.01.30.9000.18734±0.03g
1oz Silver Bar (generic)31.103.9991.0000±0.10g
1oz Gold Bar (LBMA)31.103.99991.0000±0.10g
1 kg Gold Bar (LBMA)1000.0.999932.1507±1g
Known Counterfeit Hotlist — Most Common Fakes in Circulation
FakeOriginWeightTell-Tale SignsTest
Chinese Morgan DollarChina (bulk online)18–22g (real: 26.73g)Blurry details, wrong font on "DOLLAR", wrong eagle feathers, no reeding uniformityWeigh first — always light
Fake Silver EagleChina, online markets~28–29g (real: 31.103g)Wrong reverse design post-2021, milky luster, no micro-engraved maple (Maples), soft detailsWeight + visual
Tungsten-Core Gold BarChina (sophisticated)Correct weight (tungsten density close to gold)XRF shows gold surface, ultrasound shows wrong internal density profile, slightly different ringUltrasonic ONLY reliable test
Gold-Plated Tungsten CoinVariousMay be correct weightWrong color under strong light, seam line on edge, slightly different ring frequencyAcid test edge, ultrasonic
Fake Panda (Chinese Panda)ChinaUsually lightWrong year on design doesn't match spec, blurry panda fur detail, wrong finishWeight + loupe
Counterfeit CentenarioMexico, ChinaLight, wrong densityWrong balance mark font, soft eagle detail, wrong date alignmentWeight: real = 41.667g
Fake St. Gaudens $20VariousUsually lightWrong font on "LIBERTY", missing or wrong stars, flat relief on Liberty faceWeight + acid test
Silver-Plated Copper RoundCommon online~28g (real: 31.1g)Copper shows at wear points, wrong ring tone, fails acid testAcid test scratch edge
Fake Maple LeafChinaUsually lightMissing micro-engraved security (2015+), wrong radial line pattern, wrong edge letteringBullion DNA scanner (dealers)
Coin Database — coins
CoinCountryMetalFine oz FinenessWeight (g)Melt Value
Dealer Cheat Sheet — Mental Math Reference
Conversion / RuleFormulaValue at Current Spot
UNIT CONVERSIONS — EXACT
Troy oz → grams× 31.10351 ozt = 31.1035 g exactly
Grams → troy oz÷ 31.103510 g = 0.32151 ozt
Pennyweight → grams× 1.555171 dwt = 1.55517 g
Grams → pennyweight÷ 1.5551710 g = 6.430 dwt
20 dwt= 1 troy oz = 31.1035 gStandard reference
Grain → troy oz÷ 480480 grains = 1 troy oz
GOLD PRICE PER GRAM — LIVE
24k (.9999) per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.9999
22k (.9167) per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.9167
18k (.750) per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.7500
14k (.5833) per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.5833
10k (.4167) per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.4167
9k (.375) per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.3750
SILVER PRICE PER GRAM — LIVE
.999 fine per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.999
.925 sterling per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.925
.900 coin per gramspot ÷ 31.1035 × 0.900
JUNK SILVER — EXACT FINE OZ PER COIN
90% — per $1 face value0.72338 ozt
Morgan/Peace Dollar (each)0.77344 ozt
Walking Liberty / Franklin Half0.36169 ozt
Washington Quarter pre-19650.18084 ozt
Mercury / Roosevelt Dime0.07234 ozt
40% Kennedy Half (each)0.14789 ozt
35% War Nickel (each)0.05626 ozt
Roll 90% quarters (40 coins)$10 face = 7.2338 ozt
OFFER MARGIN REFERENCE
Pawn shop buy50–60% of meltKnow your competition
Typical coin shop buy70–80% of meltStandard street buy
Strong dealer offer85–90% of meltBuilds repeat customers
Garfield / Midwest refinery95–97% of meltYour ceiling
Max offer formula(refinery %) − target margin95% − 15% = 80% offer
Key Dates · Junk Silver · GSR · Grading
Refineries
Dealer Markets
Premium Benchmarks
ItemConditionTypical PremiumOver SpotNotes
Precious Metals IRA — What's Eligible
IRS-Approved Metals for Self-Directed IRAIRC §408(m)
MetalMinimum FinenessEligible ProductsNOT Eligible
Gold .995 fineness American Gold Eagle (22k — exempt), Gold Buffalo (.9999), Canadian Maple (.9999), Austrian Philharmonic (.9999), LBMA bars .9999 Pre-33 US gold coins, Krugerrands (22k — NOT exempt unlike Eagles), collectibles, jewelry
Silver .999 fineness American Silver Eagle (.999), Canadian Maple (.9999), Austrian Philharmonic (.999), LBMA bars .999 90% junk silver, Morgan/Peace dollars, sterling silver, rounds below .999
Platinum .9995 fineness American Platinum Eagle, Canadian Platinum Maple, LBMA approved bars Most non-government platinum coins
Palladium .9995 fineness American Palladium Eagle, Canadian Palladium Maple, LBMA approved bars Most non-government palladium coins
IRS Rule: Metals must be held by an approved custodian — you cannot store IRA metals at home. "Home storage gold IRA" schemes are illegal and will result in distribution + penalties. Must use approved depository (Brinks, Delaware Depository, etc.).
Capital Gains Tax on Precious Metals — US Federal
Holding PeriodTax Rate (Federal)ClassificationNotes
Under 1 yearOrdinary income rate (10–37%)Short-term capital gainTreated as regular income — worst tax outcome
Over 1 year (collectibles)28% maximumCollectibles rate (§1256)Gold/silver/platinum/palladium are classified as "collectibles" — NOT the standard 15/20% LTCG rate
ETF / Paper Gold15–20% (standard LTCG)Standard capital gainPaper gold (GLD, SLV) taxed at lower rate than physical — important consideration
Key Points:
• Physical precious metals are taxed at 28% collectibles rate federally — higher than stocks.
• State taxes vary: some states have no capital gains (FL, TX, NV, etc.). Others tax at income rate.
Basis tracking is critical — keep all receipts. Cost basis = purchase price + shipping + insurance.
• Gains must be reported on Schedule D, Form 8949.
• 1099-B reporting: dealers must report sales over $1,000 face value (cash) or specific product thresholds.
• Losses can offset gains — track every transaction.
1099-B Dealer Reporting Requirements
What Triggers a Dealer Report to the IRSKnow Before You Sell
ProductReportable QuantityForm
Gold bars or rounds (any size)Any amount over $1,000 (check current regs)1099-B
Silver bars or rounds1,000+ oz (≥.999)1099-B
US gold coins (Eagles, Buffalos)Not specifically listed in current regs — variesVaries
90% junk silver (face value)$1,000 face value or more1099-B
Cash transactions (any metal)$10,000+ cash — ALWAYS reportedForm 8300
Structured transactions (cash under $10k to avoid reporting)ILLEGAL — structuring is a federal crimeCriminal referral
State sales tax: Some states exempt precious metals from sales tax (TX, FL, AZ, CO, and others). Some charge full sales tax. Always verify your state's exemption rules before buying/selling. Exemptions often apply only to investment bullion, not jewelry.
Storage, Insurance & Security
Storage OptionCostProsConsBest For
Home Safe (bolted)$200–$2,000Immediate access, private, no feesHomeowner insurance limit ~$1,500 for metals, theft risk, fire risk<$25,000 in metals
Bank Safe Deposit Box$50–$300/yrSecure, fire/flood protectedNOT insured by FDIC, no access outside banking hours, can be frozenLower value coins
Private Vault (Brinks, etc.)$100–$500/yrFully insured, segregated storage, auditedNot immediately accessible, annual feeLarge holdings $50k+
Approved IRA Depository$100–$300/yrTax-advantaged, fully insured, segregatedCannot access without tax eventRetirement holdings
Allocated Storage (dealer)0.5–1% per yearSpecific bars/coins held in your nameCounterparty risk, feesLarge bullion positions
Insurance tip: Standard homeowner's/renter's policy typically caps precious metals at $1,000–$2,500. Rider policies available from specialty insurers (Hugh Wood, Jewelers Mutual). Get a rider before you have a loss. Photograph and document all holdings.

Estate planning: Metals are taxable estate assets. Document holdings, location, and value. Consider a trust for large holdings to avoid probate. Tell your executor where everything is stored.